Designing healthy buildings like a good ancestor

What connects evolution history with the healthy building movement?

Evolutionary history helps explain our innate connection to music & dance, need for social bonding, penchant for salty or sweet foods, empathy with certain four legged animals, and plenty more besides

That kind of zoomed out, deep time perspective can also provide a surprising amount of guidance on how to build better buildings today for the generations to follow

those responsible for our built environment can in other words make targeted design decisions influenced by evolutionary psychology and anthropology to ensure cross generational karma.

essentially this is how I feed my hero complex - helping residential real estate developers, hotels and offices create places and spaces that are healthy for people and planet

In addition to urgent de-carbonization for planetary health, right now that means answering specific human health concerns as well, such as

- non-toxic building materials

- enhanced indoor air quality

- maintaining a connection to nature indoors

-designing interiors for physical activity and mental wellbeing

Evolutionary timeline

No matter where we are on the evolutionary timeline - in any society, be it tribal or post industrial, some of us are drawn to child rearing, others to trading goods and services, caring for the sick, preparing food or passing on wisdom.

While some (like me) feel a gravitational pull towards the physical structures we inherit, build, and ultimately leave behind.

And So, now that i have you gathered around this large format campfire, let me tell you our story…

Green building materials in new and existing buildings

We begin with the materials that go into building construction and interiors because If we get that bit wrong, those elements alone can be responsible for habitat loss, resource depletion and environmental damage even before the first foundation is laid

To prevent that, we want less fossil-fuel based plastics in our flooring, more sustainable timber, and more locally sourced, recycled and biobased materials.

Building materials that impact human health

At the same time, on the human side, we are still playing wack-a-mole with a plethora of ‘chemicals of concern’ that quietly crept into our man-made building materials after the 19th century’s chemical revolution.

Think of asbestos, formaldehyde, Lead, more recently still flame retardants, antimicrobials, and chemical off-gasses known as Volatile Organic Compounds.

Indoor air quality in building operations

The issue is low-grade piping, insulation, furniture, flooring, finishes, paints and adhesives that previous generations inadvertently buried in our buildings leaving behind a toxic inheritance

If allowed to accumulate indoors these substances can variously cause hormone disruption, cancer, respiratory problems, & Cognitive disfunction. The stakes are high basically.

How do we avoid making similar mistakes in our new buildings and refurbishments?

Great-great grandparent test

As a first pass when looking at a fit-out materials list, i use the great-great-grandparent test - would they have recognized a given material?

If not, i need to push the manufacturer for what’s called a Product Declaration showing exactly what’s in it, essentially like a material ingredient list, so we have some visibility on the possible health risks to people or planet

Life Cycle Analysis of materials

From there, going a level deeper, we can deploy a life cycle analysis to check how a material was extracted, what went into the manufacturing process, how it degrades or breaks down over time while in use, as well as what options exist for its reuse at the end of its life

Precautionary Principle

Thirdly, the precautionary principle - if in real doubt about a specific material, the responsible thing to do is leave it out, especially when dealing with a large volume order, for example the choice of flooring in a 1000-unit residential tower.

So those three tools help ensure the materials going into a building are not creating an unhealthy indoor environment or causing damage to the natural world.

The building lifecycle

Of course Buildings, just like the materials that go into them, have their own lifecycle, from planning to design, construction, operation and in some cases eventual demolition

Although if you adopt a 100 or even 1000 year mindset in phases 1-3 you can delay demolition indefinitely, which means less waste, less carbon impact and more chance of making it into Wikipedia

So that in-use phase can extend on and on, our work therefore continues to make an indoor environment as healthy as possible.

Healthy indoor air - inspired by the International Well Building Institute WELL certification

Even before Covid hit, as part of a healthy building plan, we knew We needed to increase indoor ventilation rates, so circulating the air in a closed indoor space more often; upgrade air-conditioning unit filters to catch the smallest airborne particles and off-gasses, and install air quality monitors to help us ‘see’ the air quality and identify issues in real time.

Green healthy indoor air quality

Combined with a materials policy, these initiatives will give us something close to green healthy indoor air, maybe not as good as self-isolating in a forest treehouse but clearly these are solutions specifically for urban living..

Natural materials and biophilic design in indoor spaces

When we start prioritizing non-toxic, natural materials such as woods, stone, cork, wool, rammed earth, lime plaster and clay, they automatically bring an organic aesthetic back into our buildings right when our Dense urban environments feel increasingly disconnected from the natural world we evolved in.

Biophilia in architecture and interior design

Only recently with what is known as Biophilia are architects and designers rekindling that connection with nature by reintroducing elements of the wild back into our built environment in what equates to an aesthetic cross-breed: Part indoor, part outdoor.

Biophilic design is really just a butterfly emerging from its cocoon in design terms, it’s been right there all along, waiting for its moment

So we fill our interiors with all those natural materials and finishes as well as living plants, vertical gardens and hydroponics.

We deploy indirect representations of nature such as colours, fractal patterns, organic textures and shapes, but also sounds, scents, even smart lighting to replicate the ebb and flow of sunlight.

Research studies into biophilic design

In one of two studies I worked on with a research team at the University of Essex, after just 30-60 mindful minutes in a biophilic space, 74% of respondents felt an improvement in mood, 84% felt more productive and 87% reported lower levels of perceived stress.

Vitamin Nature for health and wellbeing

So a space loaded with 'Vitamin Nature' like this one provides enough sensory continuity with the natural world to trigger many of the same mental health benefits as our brain on actual nature - at least until that next jog along the river.

Green exercise for building users

Which is where our tale takes another twist, because green exercise / exercising outdoors means you get all the mental health benefits of being fully immersed in nature as well as the physical benefits of movement and exertion. Green exercise is like exercise squared.

Biophilic gym design in new and existing buildings

If a hard working post grad student at this medical university in Stockholm can’t get Outside in their break because it’s a snowy -5C, biophilic design can provide a solution

We converted an under-utilized waiting area of just 25m2 into a forest-themed fitness room using sustainable non-toxic materials with functional equipment for small group training sessions accessible to all staff and students

Why did one of the world’s leading medical universities ask me do that? Because the right dose of exercise has been proven to boost productivity and concentration, reduce anxiety, enhance feelings of self-esteem, and improve mood.

In other words, those around us benefit indirectly too, whether that be an employer or university in this case.

Not all of are focused on health and wellness

But I’m not here to sell you exercise - not all of us were 'born to run’, in fact our ancient instinct is to conserve energy & avoid unnecessary exertion.

Based on UK averages, Somewhere around 85% of you in here, the non regular exercisers, are officially off the hook, Inertia is the norm.

There’s a catch however because from a deep time perspective, calories were generally scarce, so several hours of daily movement (hunting & gathering) were required to procure even a minimum calorie intake.

The birth of Agriculture and then industrialization broke that bond, unleashing untold numbers of comparatively cheap, low grade calories for our ready consumption.

A mismatch of modernity

There have only been 10-15 generations since industrialization but our ancestors spent around 10,000 generations in a Paleolithic environment. Our genes simply aren’t adapted to a world of calories on tap > it’s what’s known as a mismatch of modernity.

Lifestyle disease epidemic in public health

We’re now in the midst of a lifestyle disease epidemic in advanced economies with obesity, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease responsible millions of deaths every year.

So how can buildings help?

Sitting is only part of the issue when it comes to inactivity, it’s movement that really matters.

Inactivity and movement in sustainable design

Some, indeed any physical activity is better than none and studies show going from an entirely sedentary lifestyle to just 60 minutes of moderate exercise per week can drastically reduce mortality rates.

Active Design strategies as wellness features

'Active Design' strategies facilitate frequent movement snacks amongst building occupants - tiny bite size chunks of low level activity that might not otherwise happen yet cumulatively make a real difference.

In a workplace, I’m implementing environmental design 'nudges' that can assist in forming healthy new 'habits': adjustable sit-stand desks can be a game changer for those with lower back issues, a standing meeting area is ideal for a 30-minute brainstorming, and a low reclined seating area helps take the load off tired feet.

This is about moving between different spaces for different types of work - be it collaborative, creative or deep concentration.

Promoting mental resilience in green buildings

Crucially though, full autonomy remains with the end user in this type workspace, there are no sticks - only carrots.

The individual is accountable for his or her own actions, because beyond the physical benefits, that’s also where inner, mental resilience is built, brick by brick, micro decision by micro decision

So When nobody is watching, what decisions do you make?

It’s not literally about the stairs, there’s a wider metaphor for life in there somewhere i’m sure but… if you let me loose...

Activated Stairwells

Active Design can also wage war with soulless, dull and neglected stairwells that nobody uses for fear of setting off a fire alarm.

Instead, for say a premium student accommodation building for example, we can design stairwells with wall murals, LED lighting, maybe a sound system and a funky playlist - whatever it takes to make the stairs a frequently used feature of the building, not just an emergency escape (although we do have to follow health and safety code too!).

Active Travel Facilities

An under-utilized Basement space or corridor can provide secure storage for a variety of bicycles, folding bikes, e-bikes and mobility options, ideally with charging stations, showers and lockers for wet running gear.

Investing in Such 'active travel' facilities increases the likelihood of more green healthy movement between home and work, be that jogging, cycling or anything else.

It’s good for us, the planet and again also indirectly benefits the business or developer that made it all so convenient.

Restorative spaces - quiet rooms

Specifically for mental wellbeing, An empty room in a forward thinking office can become a restorative space, or ‘quiet room’ like this one for cathartic venting, a moment of strategic rest during the workday, or a delicate 1-2-1 conversation.

If We fill it with natural materials, an air purifier, nature sounds a d aromatherapy we start to see how powerful a joined-up, 360-degree experiential design approach can be…

Evolution-friendly building design adaptations

So as I see it, a healthy materials policy, purified indoor air, biophilic design, active design strategies and restorative spaces are all evolution friendly design adaptations for modern buildings aimed at reducing stress and anxiety, increasing physical activity, improving the quality of our indoor air and bringing nature back into our urban existence.

A deep time perspective on healthy buildings

When i think about what I do from a deep time perspective - of ancestors past, present and future - creating green healthy places starts to look like something of a family business, it’s all a matter of perspective.

Thankfully, Having a transcendent life goal like this, a 'Telos' in Greek, has given me real meaning and purpose going into the second half of my life, at least until i finally answer the call of the wild, find a mate and pass on my stair-loving genes.

Because Remember, continuity is everything, the House of Mother Nature always wins - this whole show will go on, with or without us, no matter how central we think we are to the plot.

So it’s really just three acts: life, death and the stories of our ancestors.

Both I and the real estate industry therefore, simply have to make this the performance of a lifetime.

Designing healthy buildings like a good ancestor: TEDx Talk 14.01.24